Abstract
We describe the synthesis, properties, and application of a new fluorescent potassium chemosensor, KS2, for K(+) sensing and imaging in live cells. By virtue of a strong electron-withdrawing group, 2-dicyanomethylene-3-cyano-4,5,5-trimethyl-2,5-dihydrofuran (TCF), with a triazacryptand ligand, the new sensor can respond to K(+) up to 1.6 M. This is the first highly selective intracellular sensor suitable for sensing K(+) over a broad and high concentration range. Confocal fluorescence microscopy has established the utility of KS2 for live-cell K(+) detection. The application of KS2 combined with other sensors will be of great benefit for investigating cellular metabolism, detecting and diagnosing diseases including cancer, and monitoring responses to therapy.
🔬 Techniques
🧬 Organisms
💻 Software
✨ Fluorophores
🔬 Cell Lines
💻 Software Details
🏛️ Research Organizations (ROR)
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📊 Figures
Figure 1
(a) Fluorescence change of KS2 in HEPES buffer (pH 7.2) containing different KCl concentrations, excited at 561 nm. (b) Changes of fluorescence intensities at 650 nm at different K + concentrations. F...
Figure 2
Confocal fluorescence images of KS2 (4 u03bcM) in U87MG cells co-stained with Hoechst 33342 (10 u03bcM). (a) Red emission from KS2 excited at 561 nm; (b) Blue emission from Hoechst 33342 excited at 40...
Figure 3
Time-dependent intracellular K + in U87MG cells after treatment with a mixture of nigericin, bumetanide, and ouabain for 0 min (a and b), 60 minutes (c and d), and 120 minutes (e and f). Top: fluoresc...
Figure 4
Time-dependent fluorescence of U87MG cells stimulated by nigericin observed under confocal fluorescence microscope. a is time of 0 before the addition of nigericin; b, c, d, e, f, and g are time of 1,...
Scheme 1
Synthesis of KS2 and its sensing mechanism
Figure images are served from the NIH/NLM PubMed Central Open Access Subset or Europe PMC; copyright remains with the publishers and authors.
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